This years dengue epidemic is raging on in Rio de Janiero, with 76,385 cases reported in the city alone until 9th May this year, according to ProMedMail (see also here). In the whole state of Rio, 134,643 cases have been reported so far. In the state of Rio, 106 deaths occured due to dengue, with 3 additional cases between 4th and 10th May. 64 of these deaths occured in Rio de Janeiro.
At the same time, the governor of the state Rio Grande do Norte declared a state of emergency due to the 19,157 dengue cases, 78 DHF cases and 2 deaths reported until 3rd May this year in 154 cities in the state.
Showing posts with label Brazil. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Brazil. Show all posts
Wednesday, May 14, 2008
Wednesday, January 23, 2008
PRO/AH/EDR> Yellow fever - Brazil (07)
Date: Fri 18 Jan 2008
Source: Division of Global Migration and Quarantine
National Center for Preparedness, Detection, and Control of
Infectious Diseases [edited]
< http://wwwn.cdc.gov/travel/contentYellowFeverBrazil.aspx>
Outbreak Notice: Yellow Fever Alert for Brazil Situation Information
-------------------------------------------------------------------
On 8 Jan 2008, the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MOH) announced a
yellow fever (YF) disease alert for tourists and diplomats residing
in Brazil, due to a number of suspected and confirmed human yellow
fever cases during December 2007 and January 2008. As of 16 Jan 2008,
10 confirmed cases of yellow fever have been reported, including 7 deaths.
The Brazilian MOH alert states that travelers to "areas of risk" for
yellow fever should be vaccinated 10 days before going to such areas.
In addition to areas previously identified in CDC's guidance to
travelers, the Brazilian MOH has identified 2 additional states with
yellow fever risk: the northern part of Espiritu Santo and the
western part of Santa Catarina.
Brazil currently requires yellow fever vaccination for persons
entering Brazil from countries listed as endemic for yellow fever
(see Brazil country-specific requirements). The new yellow fever
vaccination recommendation by Brazil for travelers is to protect the
travelers' health in response to this recent situation.
Recommendations for Travelers
----------------------------------
Travelers are strongly advised to follow the CDC yellow fever
vaccination recommendations for Brazil, with the addition of the
northern part of Espiritu Santo state and the western part of Santa
Catarina state. The Federal District of Brasilia is also an endemic
area. The Brazilian MOH has recommended vaccination of travelers >6
months of age. Because of increased risk of severe adverse events
following vaccination among infants <9 months of age and among
travelers >60 years of age, CDC recommends that parents of infants <9
months and travelers >60 years should discuss with their physicians
the risks and benefits of vaccination for travel to Brazil.
Since yellow fever is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito,
travelers are also reminded to:
* Use insect repellent on exposed skin surfaces when outdoors,
particularly during the day.
* Repellents containing 30 percent to 50 percent DEET
(N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) are recommended for adults. Lower
concentrations of DEET offer shorter-term protection and require more
frequent reapplication.
* Repellents containing picaridin are available in the United States
in formulations of up to 15 percent concentration, which require
frequent reapplication. Repellents with higher concentrations of
picaridin may be available in some regions outside the United States.
* For additional information regarding the use of repellent on
infants and children, please see the "Insect and Other Arthropod
Protection" in Traveling Safely with Infants and Children and the
"Children" section of CDC's Frequently Asked Questions about Repellent Use.
* Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants when outdoors. Clothing
may also be sprayed with repellent containing permethrin or another
EPA-registered repellent for greater protection. (Remember: do not
use permethrin on skin.)
Additional Information
-------------------------
For more information about yellow fever risk and yellow fever
vaccine, see the following sections of CDC Health Information for
International Travel 2008:
* Yellow fever (including precautions and contraindications to vaccine)
* Yellow Fever Vaccine Requirements and Information on Malaria Risk
and Prophylaxis, by Country.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org.
[ProMED wishes the Brazilian MOH success with their considerable
efforts in preventing an urban YF outbreak, and will be watching as
the situation develops. Meanwhile, travelers should heed the MOH and
CDC's advice about vaccination and avoidance of mosquito bites.
An interactive ProMED health map of Brazil can be accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/promed?v=-10.8,-53.1,4 >. - Mod.TY]
PRO/AH/EDR> Yellow fever - Brazil (06)
Date: Wed 16 Jan 2008
Source: O Globo newspaper [in Portuguese, trans. & sum. Mod.JW, edited]
< http://oglobo.globo.com/pais/mat/2008/01/16/morre_mais_um_paciente_com_suspeita_de_febre_amarela-328044354.asp>
The Ministry of Health confirmed on 15 Jan 2008, 3 more deaths from
yellow fever (YF): 2 in Goias state and one in Parana state, bringing
the total of confirmed cases of YF in 2008 to 6, with 5 deaths, with
15 suspected cases still under investigation. This more than in any
year since 2003, when there were 64 cases with 23 deaths.
One of the fatal cases was an unvaccinated Spanish visitor, who died
after 2 days in hospital in Goiania on 12 Jan 2008, having been ill
for about 10 days in a house [in the city] where the vector mosquito,
_Aedes aegypti_, was found. The area has been fogged with
insecticide. The man contracted his infection at a farm in
Cristianopolis, 103 km (64 mi) from Goiania, where he had spent 15
days. [In an earlier report, his widow complained to the press that
they saw no YF warning or proof of vaccination check at Sao Paulo
international airport on their arrival on 25 Nov 2007, nor at
Salvador or Goiania airports on their travels since then.]
The Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, which produces YF vaccine, has suspended
all exports of the vaccine, and is doubling its production from 15 to
30 million doses this year (2008). It normally supplies 7 million
doses to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) for distribution
to other countries in the Americas.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org >
[The Ministry of Health insists that there is no urban YF epidemic
anywhere in Brazil, which is technically correct. However, it is
taking all the right steps to protect its at-risk population with the
vaccine, and warning international visitors. On 10 Jan 2008 the USA
Department of State issued an alert, in English, to all its citizens
in Brazil, advising them to get vaccinated, see
< http://www.embaixadaamericana.org.br>. - Mod.JW
An interactive ProMED health map of Brazil can be accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/promed?v=-10.8,-53.1,4 >. - Mod.TY]
Source: O Globo newspaper [in Portuguese, trans. & sum. Mod.JW, edited]
< http://oglobo.globo.com/pais/mat/2008/01/16/morre_mais_um_paciente_com_suspeita_de_febre_amarela-328044354.asp>
The Ministry of Health confirmed on 15 Jan 2008, 3 more deaths from
yellow fever (YF): 2 in Goias state and one in Parana state, bringing
the total of confirmed cases of YF in 2008 to 6, with 5 deaths, with
15 suspected cases still under investigation. This more than in any
year since 2003, when there were 64 cases with 23 deaths.
One of the fatal cases was an unvaccinated Spanish visitor, who died
after 2 days in hospital in Goiania on 12 Jan 2008, having been ill
for about 10 days in a house [in the city] where the vector mosquito,
_Aedes aegypti_, was found. The area has been fogged with
insecticide. The man contracted his infection at a farm in
Cristianopolis, 103 km (64 mi) from Goiania, where he had spent 15
days. [In an earlier report, his widow complained to the press that
they saw no YF warning or proof of vaccination check at Sao Paulo
international airport on their arrival on 25 Nov 2007, nor at
Salvador or Goiania airports on their travels since then.]
The Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, which produces YF vaccine, has suspended
all exports of the vaccine, and is doubling its production from 15 to
30 million doses this year (2008). It normally supplies 7 million
doses to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) for distribution
to other countries in the Americas.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org >
[The Ministry of Health insists that there is no urban YF epidemic
anywhere in Brazil, which is technically correct. However, it is
taking all the right steps to protect its at-risk population with the
vaccine, and warning international visitors. On 10 Jan 2008 the USA
Department of State issued an alert, in English, to all its citizens
in Brazil, advising them to get vaccinated, see
< http://www.embaixadaamericana.org.br>. - Mod.JW
An interactive ProMED health map of Brazil can be accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/promed?v=-10.8,-53.1,4 >. - Mod.TY]
PRO/AH/EDR> Yellow fever - Brazil (05): conf.
Date: 15 Jan 2008
Source: O Globo newspaper [in Portuguese, trans. & summ. by Mod.JW]
<http://www.oglobo.com>
The Ministry of Health confirmed on 14 Jan 2008 a 3rd case of YF
in Brazil, and 2nd death since the end of 2007. The fatal case was
a 24-year-old male who reportedly contracted the disease in the
rural area of Goianesa, 150km from the Goias state capital, Goiania,
where he died on 2 Jan 2008 after 5 days in hospital in the
capital. [It is not reported whether he was in a ward screened
against mosquitoes. Mod. JW].
So far in 2008 there have been 26 suspected cases reported, of whom
3 are confirmed, 6 excluded, and 17 are pending lab results. Most
of the cases originated in Goias state.
Brazil informed WHO on 27 Dec 2007 that monkeys were dying of YF
in Brazil. The WHO website now recommends international
tourists visiting affected areas in Brazil get vaccinated against
YF. By Fri 18 Jan 2008, the Ministry of Health will have
distributed 2.2 million doses of YF vaccine to the states of Goias,
Minas Gerais, South Mato Grosso & the Federal District (Brasilia).
At Congonhas airport in Sao Paulo state, a major airline hub
for Brazil, an average of 1000 passengers per day are lining up for
free YF vaccinations [which only take effect after 10 days. ?Mod.JW].
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[In this age of real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) tests,
the 2-week delay in lab confirming YF cases seems excessive, but
the authorities need to be doubly sure of their results in view of
the probable impact on trade and tourism of an urban epidemic
breaking out over Carnaval, the 1st week in February. - Mod.JW
An interactive ProMED health map of Brazil can be accessed at:
<http://healthmap.org/promed?v=-10.8,-53.1,4>. - Mod.TY]
PRO/AH/EDR> Yellow fever - Brazil (04): susp.
Date: Wed 9 Jan 2007
Source: Folha Online [in Portuguese, trans. & summ. Mod.TY, edited]
< http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u361826.shtml>
A suspected yellow fever death was registered in Parana [ex Goias. - Mod.TY]
---------------------------------------------------
The Parana Health Secretariat on Wednesday [9 Dec 2007] received
notification of the death of a man in Maringa who is a suspected
yellow fever [case and] who died on Tuesday [8 Jan 2007]. However,
the symptoms presented by this patient, according to the agency, are
the same as cases of hantavirus infection, yellow fever, dengue and
leptospirosis. Although laboratory tests are being done with urgency,
due to their complexity it will take 15 days to get the results.
According to the agency, the suspicion of yellow fever in this case
was brought up because the patient was in a [yellow fever] risk area,
in the city of Caldas Novas in Goias, between 20 Dec [2007] and 1 Jan
[2008].
According to the Secretariat [of Health] no cases of yellow fever
have been reported in the state [of Parana]. Routine vaccination in
the state will be maintained for travelers who go to endemic
[Brazilian yellow fever] areas (northern region, and the states of
Maranhao and Minas Gerais) and transitional regions (western Parana,
Santa Catarina, Piaui and Sao Paulo, as well as for Latin American
countries.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The incubation period (time from inoculation of the virus by the
mosquito vector to the 1st appearance of symptoms) for yellow fever
virus infections is 3-6 days. Assuming that the patient was ill
several days before his death, the time of acquisition of the virus
fits within the dates when the patient was in Goias, where a
suspected yellow fever outbreak in monkeys was occurring.
An interactive ProMED health map of Brazil can be accessed at:
<http://healthmap.org/promed?v=-10.8,-53.1,4>. - Mod.TY]
Source: Folha Online [in Portuguese, trans. & summ. Mod.TY, edited]
< http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u361826.shtml>
A suspected yellow fever death was registered in Parana [ex Goias. - Mod.TY]
---------------------------------------------------
The Parana Health Secretariat on Wednesday [9 Dec 2007] received
notification of the death of a man in Maringa who is a suspected
yellow fever [case and] who died on Tuesday [8 Jan 2007]. However,
the symptoms presented by this patient, according to the agency, are
the same as cases of hantavirus infection, yellow fever, dengue and
leptospirosis. Although laboratory tests are being done with urgency,
due to their complexity it will take 15 days to get the results.
According to the agency, the suspicion of yellow fever in this case
was brought up because the patient was in a [yellow fever] risk area,
in the city of Caldas Novas in Goias, between 20 Dec [2007] and 1 Jan
[2008].
According to the Secretariat [of Health] no cases of yellow fever
have been reported in the state [of Parana]. Routine vaccination in
the state will be maintained for travelers who go to endemic
[Brazilian yellow fever] areas (northern region, and the states of
Maranhao and Minas Gerais) and transitional regions (western Parana,
Santa Catarina, Piaui and Sao Paulo, as well as for Latin American
countries.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The incubation period (time from inoculation of the virus by the
mosquito vector to the 1st appearance of symptoms) for yellow fever
virus infections is 3-6 days. Assuming that the patient was ill
several days before his death, the time of acquisition of the virus
fits within the dates when the patient was in Goias, where a
suspected yellow fever outbreak in monkeys was occurring.
An interactive ProMED health map of Brazil can be accessed at:
<http://healthmap.org/promed?v=-10.8,-53.1,4>. - Mod.TY]
PRO/AH/EDR> Yellow fever: Brazil (03)
Date: Wed 9 Jan 2008
Source: Xinhua Net [edited]
<http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-01/10/content_7398360.htm >
Brazilian government denies risk of yellow fever outbreak
---------------------
Brazil's Minister of Health Jose Gomes Temporao denied on Wednesday
[9 Jan 2007] the risk of a yellow fever (YF) outbreak in the country.
"The situation is absolutely under control," said Temporao, stressing
that the country has not had a confirmed case of yellow fever in an
urban area since 1942. Most cases identified during the period took
place in the rainforest region.
The health minister said the local secretariats of health are
monitoring eventual cases in the states.
On Tuesday [8 Jan 2008], a man, 38, a 2nd patient allegedly infected
with the disease died in the federal capital of Brasilia. He had been
in hospital for a week, after developing the symptoms of fever, such
as jaundice, vomiting and kidney failure. But it is reported that no
yellow fever case has been confirmed yet. The physicians who took
care of the man in Brasilia said the cause of his death will only be
confirmed next week, following tests to be held on the patient's body.
According to the reports, the man had spent the end-of-year holidays
in a tourist city in the neighboring state of Goias, midwestern
Brazil, which led the Ministry of Health to recommend the vaccination
of citizens and visitors in 18 Brazilian states. However, Temporao
added, there is no need to carry out a mass vaccination campaign in
those states, as the population of urban areas are not endangered.
Also on Tuesday, another patient developed the symptoms of the
disease in the capital city of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, and
was taken to a hospital in the region. The alleged spread of the
disease generated a rush to local health centers, where people join
long queues to take the vaccine that help immunize against yellow
fever within 10 days.
[Byline: An Lu, editor]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Given the importance of these 2 suspected cases, confirmation that
they are YF cases or not is urgent. ProMED requests information
concerning the lab test results when they become available. How to
respond in this situation is delicate for the Ministry of Health. It
should be remembered that Brazil has suffered dengue epidemics in
many parts of the country in 2007, so there are abundant populations
of _Aedes aegypti_, which is the mosquito vector of both dengue and
of yellow fever viruses. If the cases are confirmed as YF, a vigorous
vaccination campaign with its attendant publicity is warranted,
despite adverse effects on tourism that it might engender in the
run-up to carnival. If this turns out to be a false alarm but is
widely publicized, the economic damage from loss of tourist visits
could be considerable.
An interactive ProMED health map of Brazil can be accessed at:
<http://healthmap.org/promed?v=-10.8,-53.1,4>. - Mod.TY]
******
[2]
Date: Wed 9 Jan 2007
Source: Diario da Manha [in Portuguese, trans. Mod.MPP, edited]
<http://www.dm.com.br/ultimas.php?id=46765>
Victim began/caught fever in Brasilia, allege family members
-----------------
Family members of the patient, who died yesterday [8 Jan 2008] from
suspected yellow fever, questioned the thesis of health authorities
that he was infected during a trip to Pirenopolis (Goania State),
during the New Year vacation. They argue that he began to fall ill
one day before arriving in that city, a very rapid reaction, given
the incubation period of the disease, which is between 3 and 5 days.
Because of this, the family does not preclude the possibility that he
had already been infected before travelling. Another reason the
family suspects that he could have been infected in Brasilia is the
fact that he travelled with a group of various friends, but only he
was infected.
For the Ministry of Health, nevertheless, the possibility of
infection in Brasilia is totally discarded. "If he was infected, it
occurred during the trip,"affirmed the secretary of Surveillance of
the Ministry of Health, Gerson Penna. He justified his conviction:
"There have not been reports of infected monkeys (in the capital)".
The patient was admitted on Friday [4 Jan 2008] with fever and joint
pains. He arrived in the afternoon, lucid, and at night was on a
ventilator. The 38-year-old administrator died on Tuesday [8 Jan
2008]. Results from an autopsy should be ready by Friday [11 Jan
2008].
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[ProMED awaits results of the autopsy and confirmation (or not) of YF
virus infection as the cause of death. - Mod.TY]
******
[3]
Date: Thu 10 Jan 2008
Source: Yahoo Noticias [in Spanish, trans. & summ. Mod.TY, edited]
< http://es.noticias.yahoo.com/ap/20080109/twl-ams-med-brasil-fiebre-amarilla-1be00ca.html>
The Brazilian Minister of Health said on Wednesday [9 Jan 2008] that
there is no risk of a yellow fever epidemic despite an outbreak that
caused the deaths of 2 Brazilians this past week.
Jose Gomes Temporao [the Minister of Health] said that there is no
reason to be alarmed because the deaths happened [infectious were
acquired] in rural, not urban, areas, and there there was ample
availability of vaccine stocks produced by the Oswaldo Cruz
Founation, a governmental organization in Rio [de Janeiro].
"The situation is totally under control. There is no epidemic risk,"
said Temporao during a press conference. Given everything, the
Ministry of Health has requested that the Foundation double its usual
vaccine production with 10 days advance notice.
There have been some complaints that there was not enough vaccine
available at dispensaries in Brasilia. The Foundation sent an
additional 250 000 doses to Brasilia on Wednesday [09 Jan 2008],
although Temporao insisted that precautions were adequate.
"There have been no urban cases of yellow fever in Brazil since 1992,
just sylvan ["jungle"] cases," said Temporao. "There is no necessity
to carry out massive vaccination. There is no epidemic. What we are
doing is sufficient."
******
[4]
Date: Wed 9 Jan 2008
Source: Yahoo Noticias [in Spanish, trans. & summ. Mod.TY, edited]
<http://es.noticias.yahoo.com/efe/20080109/tsc-brasil-intensifica-una-campana-contr-539a483.html >
Brazil has intensified its yellow fever prevention campaign and sent
out an international alert after a small number of cases of the
disease, but the Minister denied today [9 Jan 2008] that there is an
epidemic risk.
"The situation is absolutely under control. There is no risk of an
epidemic; there are no urban yellow fever cases in Brazil," said
Health Minister Jose Gomes Temporao in a press conference. The
reported cases are only sylvatic. "The health authorities are
accompanying, vaccinating and informing adequately," he said.
Yesterday [8 Jan 2008] a Brazilian man died of this infectious viral
disease and there is a new case reported from Minas Gerais (in the
southeast).
Temporao admitted that the ministry is studying 8 other possible cases
This disease has killed 161 people in Brazil in the last 12 years, of
349 registered [yellow fever] cases. All of these fatalities were
Brazilians who were not vaccinated and went into forested areas where
the disease [virus] is endemic, said the Minister, who indicated that
the numbers of cases has declined [in recent years]. In 2000 there
were 40 fatalities, 23 in 2003, 2 in 2006 and 5 in 2007 he explained.
"There is no need for massive vaccination," he indicated.
He insisted that people who do not go into areas of risk do not need
to be vaccinated, since the urban transmission cycle has been
eradicated since 1942.
Meanwhile, hundreds of people have lined up at health centers in
Brasilia, Goiania and various other cities to get vaccinated.
In various localities in Goiania the deaths of at least 80 monkeys,
apparently victims of sylvan [yellow fever], have been documented and
classified by the Ministry as "sentinel episodes" which permit
preventive action to be taken.
This morning [9 Jan 2007], the health authorities of Minas Gerais
reported that a 48-year-old cattleman was admitted to a hospital in
Belo Horizonte with symptoms of the disease that he contracted in the
Amazonian state of Acre, near the Bolivian border.
Temporao confirmed that he requested that the Ministries of External
Relation and Tourism alerted diplomats, tourists and others who
travel to Brazil that they be vaccinated at least 10 days before
their travel [to Brazil].
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The Minas Gerais suspected YF case illustrates the risk of transport
of YF virus in infected individuals from a YF virus endemic area in
far western Brazil to the eastern part of the country, or
potentially, internationally. The recent leap of chikungunya virus
from India to Italy is a vivid demonstration of how infected
individuals can establish outbreaks in new localities where abundant
vector mosquito populations exist (see archive no. 20071210.3980). -
Mod.TY]
Source: Xinhua Net [edited]
<http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-01/10/content_7398360.htm >
Brazilian government denies risk of yellow fever outbreak
---------------------
Brazil's Minister of Health Jose Gomes Temporao denied on Wednesday
[9 Jan 2007] the risk of a yellow fever (YF) outbreak in the country.
"The situation is absolutely under control," said Temporao, stressing
that the country has not had a confirmed case of yellow fever in an
urban area since 1942. Most cases identified during the period took
place in the rainforest region.
The health minister said the local secretariats of health are
monitoring eventual cases in the states.
On Tuesday [8 Jan 2008], a man, 38, a 2nd patient allegedly infected
with the disease died in the federal capital of Brasilia. He had been
in hospital for a week, after developing the symptoms of fever, such
as jaundice, vomiting and kidney failure. But it is reported that no
yellow fever case has been confirmed yet. The physicians who took
care of the man in Brasilia said the cause of his death will only be
confirmed next week, following tests to be held on the patient's body.
According to the reports, the man had spent the end-of-year holidays
in a tourist city in the neighboring state of Goias, midwestern
Brazil, which led the Ministry of Health to recommend the vaccination
of citizens and visitors in 18 Brazilian states. However, Temporao
added, there is no need to carry out a mass vaccination campaign in
those states, as the population of urban areas are not endangered.
Also on Tuesday, another patient developed the symptoms of the
disease in the capital city of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, and
was taken to a hospital in the region. The alleged spread of the
disease generated a rush to local health centers, where people join
long queues to take the vaccine that help immunize against yellow
fever within 10 days.
[Byline: An Lu, editor]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Given the importance of these 2 suspected cases, confirmation that
they are YF cases or not is urgent. ProMED requests information
concerning the lab test results when they become available. How to
respond in this situation is delicate for the Ministry of Health. It
should be remembered that Brazil has suffered dengue epidemics in
many parts of the country in 2007, so there are abundant populations
of _Aedes aegypti_, which is the mosquito vector of both dengue and
of yellow fever viruses. If the cases are confirmed as YF, a vigorous
vaccination campaign with its attendant publicity is warranted,
despite adverse effects on tourism that it might engender in the
run-up to carnival. If this turns out to be a false alarm but is
widely publicized, the economic damage from loss of tourist visits
could be considerable.
An interactive ProMED health map of Brazil can be accessed at:
<http://healthmap.org/promed?v=-10.8,-53.1,4>. - Mod.TY]
******
[2]
Date: Wed 9 Jan 2007
Source: Diario da Manha [in Portuguese, trans. Mod.MPP, edited]
<http://www.dm.com.br/ultimas.php?id=46765>
Victim began/caught fever in Brasilia, allege family members
-----------------
Family members of the patient, who died yesterday [8 Jan 2008] from
suspected yellow fever, questioned the thesis of health authorities
that he was infected during a trip to Pirenopolis (Goania State),
during the New Year vacation. They argue that he began to fall ill
one day before arriving in that city, a very rapid reaction, given
the incubation period of the disease, which is between 3 and 5 days.
Because of this, the family does not preclude the possibility that he
had already been infected before travelling. Another reason the
family suspects that he could have been infected in Brasilia is the
fact that he travelled with a group of various friends, but only he
was infected.
For the Ministry of Health, nevertheless, the possibility of
infection in Brasilia is totally discarded. "If he was infected, it
occurred during the trip,"affirmed the secretary of Surveillance of
the Ministry of Health, Gerson Penna. He justified his conviction:
"There have not been reports of infected monkeys (in the capital)".
The patient was admitted on Friday [4 Jan 2008] with fever and joint
pains. He arrived in the afternoon, lucid, and at night was on a
ventilator. The 38-year-old administrator died on Tuesday [8 Jan
2008]. Results from an autopsy should be ready by Friday [11 Jan
2008].
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[ProMED awaits results of the autopsy and confirmation (or not) of YF
virus infection as the cause of death. - Mod.TY]
******
[3]
Date: Thu 10 Jan 2008
Source: Yahoo Noticias [in Spanish, trans. & summ. Mod.TY, edited]
< http://es.noticias.yahoo.com/ap/20080109/twl-ams-med-brasil-fiebre-amarilla-1be00ca.html>
The Brazilian Minister of Health said on Wednesday [9 Jan 2008] that
there is no risk of a yellow fever epidemic despite an outbreak that
caused the deaths of 2 Brazilians this past week.
Jose Gomes Temporao [the Minister of Health] said that there is no
reason to be alarmed because the deaths happened [infectious were
acquired] in rural, not urban, areas, and there there was ample
availability of vaccine stocks produced by the Oswaldo Cruz
Founation, a governmental organization in Rio [de Janeiro].
"The situation is totally under control. There is no epidemic risk,"
said Temporao during a press conference. Given everything, the
Ministry of Health has requested that the Foundation double its usual
vaccine production with 10 days advance notice.
There have been some complaints that there was not enough vaccine
available at dispensaries in Brasilia. The Foundation sent an
additional 250 000 doses to Brasilia on Wednesday [09 Jan 2008],
although Temporao insisted that precautions were adequate.
"There have been no urban cases of yellow fever in Brazil since 1992,
just sylvan ["jungle"] cases," said Temporao. "There is no necessity
to carry out massive vaccination. There is no epidemic. What we are
doing is sufficient."
******
[4]
Date: Wed 9 Jan 2008
Source: Yahoo Noticias [in Spanish, trans. & summ. Mod.TY, edited]
<http://es.noticias.yahoo.com/efe/20080109/tsc-brasil-intensifica-una-campana-contr-539a483.html >
Brazil has intensified its yellow fever prevention campaign and sent
out an international alert after a small number of cases of the
disease, but the Minister denied today [9 Jan 2008] that there is an
epidemic risk.
"The situation is absolutely under control. There is no risk of an
epidemic; there are no urban yellow fever cases in Brazil," said
Health Minister Jose Gomes Temporao in a press conference. The
reported cases are only sylvatic. "The health authorities are
accompanying, vaccinating and informing adequately," he said.
Yesterday [8 Jan 2008] a Brazilian man died of this infectious viral
disease and there is a new case reported from Minas Gerais (in the
southeast).
Temporao admitted that the ministry is studying 8 other possible cases
This disease has killed 161 people in Brazil in the last 12 years, of
349 registered [yellow fever] cases. All of these fatalities were
Brazilians who were not vaccinated and went into forested areas where
the disease [virus] is endemic, said the Minister, who indicated that
the numbers of cases has declined [in recent years]. In 2000 there
were 40 fatalities, 23 in 2003, 2 in 2006 and 5 in 2007 he explained.
"There is no need for massive vaccination," he indicated.
He insisted that people who do not go into areas of risk do not need
to be vaccinated, since the urban transmission cycle has been
eradicated since 1942.
Meanwhile, hundreds of people have lined up at health centers in
Brasilia, Goiania and various other cities to get vaccinated.
In various localities in Goiania the deaths of at least 80 monkeys,
apparently victims of sylvan [yellow fever], have been documented and
classified by the Ministry as "sentinel episodes" which permit
preventive action to be taken.
This morning [9 Jan 2007], the health authorities of Minas Gerais
reported that a 48-year-old cattleman was admitted to a hospital in
Belo Horizonte with symptoms of the disease that he contracted in the
Amazonian state of Acre, near the Bolivian border.
Temporao confirmed that he requested that the Ministries of External
Relation and Tourism alerted diplomats, tourists and others who
travel to Brazil that they be vaccinated at least 10 days before
their travel [to Brazil].
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The Minas Gerais suspected YF case illustrates the risk of transport
of YF virus in infected individuals from a YF virus endemic area in
far western Brazil to the eastern part of the country, or
potentially, internationally. The recent leap of chikungunya virus
from India to Italy is a vivid demonstration of how infected
individuals can establish outbreaks in new localities where abundant
vector mosquito populations exist (see archive no. 20071210.3980). -
Mod.TY]
PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update 2008 (02) – Brazil
Date: Wed 8 Jan 2008
Source: Folha Online [in Portuguese, trans. & summ. Mod.TY, edited]
< http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u361474.shtml>
InPara , 3 people died with symptoms of dengue hemorrhagic fever
(DHF) within the past 8 days. One of these ill individuals was from
Belem
the region, another 5 persons died with similar symptoms since November [2007].
The situation indicates that there is an outbreak of dengue in the
region, according to Rodolfo Skrivan, Director of the regional public
hospital of Araguaia
patients from the other 14 nearby municipalities.
"Dengue is seasonal. In some seasons of the year, there is greater
[dengue] incidence. The peak of illnesses was anticipated in February
or March, the rainy season. This worried us because, since we had
anticipated it, it might have been worse," the director stated.
The agency affirmed that it would send a team to Redencao to analyze
the situation. But, according to the adjunct secretary [of health]
with portfolio, Walter Amoras, the quantity of cases can not be
classified as an outbreak since the cases are scattered over 15
cities in the southern part of the state. "This indicates that the
municipalities are not taking a lesson from the situation. They are
not educating the public correctly."
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-PORT <promed@promedmail.org>
[Dealing with the occurrence of dengue requires more than simply
educating the public. - Mod.LJS]
[A map ofBrazil showing the location of Para , as well as the other
states, can be located at
<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/americas/brazil.jpg>.
- Mod.TY]
************************************************************
Date: Wed 9 Jan 2007
Source: Extra Online [in Portuguese, trans. & summ. Mod.TY, edited]
< http://extra.globo.com/rio/plantao/2008/01/09/rjtv_82_casos_de_dengue_em_9_dias_no_rio327947436.asp>
In the past 9 days, from Tuesday of last week [1 Jan 2008] through
this Wednesday [9 Jan 2007], 82 cases of dengue have been registered
in Rio de Janeiro. The number of dengue cases is being brought up to
date. This Wednesday [9 Jan 2007] the Municipal Secretary of Health
indicated that in 2007, 23 585 dengue cases were confirmed.
In the 1st 9 days of 2008, 82 people had dengue disease. As of
Tuesday [1 Jan 2008], only 14 of them had been [laboratory?] confirmed.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-PORT <promed@promedmail.org>
******************************************************************
Date: Mon 5 Jan 2007
Source: Diario do Nordeste in Portuguese, trans. & summ. Mod.TY, edited]
<http://diariodonordeste.globo.com/materia.asp?codigo=501274 >
Ceara had 9.8 percent of the nation's dengue cases, with notification
of 24 793 cases of classical dengue.
72 new cases of dengue were registered in the state of Ceara, with 3
DHF cases and 69 classical dengue fever cases during the 1st week of
2008, according to the Weekly Epidemiology Dengue Bulletin released
yesterday [4 Jan 2007] by the Secretariat of Health of the state (SESA).
The number of deaths did not change, remaining at 10 confirmed cases.
In Ceara state, DHF has now reached 295 confirmed cases versus 292
the week before. In total, 651 cases were notified, of which 318 were
discarded [negative for dengue], and 38 were still being
investigated, according to SESA.
InFortaleza
investigating 16 suspected deaths, which have still not been
confirmed," stated Dr. Manoel Fonseca, Coordinator of Health
Promotion and Protection of SESA.
Sobral municipality is in 2nd place, with 47 confirmed cases of DHF
and 3 deaths, and Caucaia is in 3rd place, with 20 [DHF] cases and one death.
The 1st bulletin of 2008 confirmed a total of 24 793 cases in 167
municipalities in Ceara. In the last week of last year [2007], there
were 24 724 confirmed cases of classical dengue.Fortaleza
numbers of cases] in the dengue epidemic, with 11 687 cases of
confirmed classical dengue, "50 percent of all the cases," stated
Fonseca. In 2nd place was Sobral, with 1753 cases.
Despite Ceara being the state with the highest incidence of DHF in
the northeast, Manoel Fonseca clarified that there was a reduction in
the [case] fatality rate, which was over 8.7 percent in 2006, going
[down] to 3.3 percent last year [2007].
The doctor admitted, however, that in the last 3 years, the number of
dengue cases has remained high. "This year [2008], the cases will
still be high, now that we have 3 types of the virus: dengue 1, 2 and
3. In the interior, the outbreak of [dengue virus] 3 still may occur," he said.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-PORT < promed@promedmail.org>
***********************************************************************
Date: Tues 7 Jan 2008
Source: Aquidauana News [in Portuguese, trans. & summ. Mod.TY, edited]
< http://www.aquidauananews.com/index.php?action=news_view&news_id=119586>
The arrival of summer promises to bring big problems to the Brazilian
population in the next months. According to the data from the
Ministry of Health, there is a trend that will reach a record
[number] of dengue [cases].
Between January and September of the past year [2007], the number of
recorded [dengue] cases in the country was 50 percent above that of
2006. Just during this period, there were more than 480 000 [dengue
cases] registered, with 121 deaths. Given the control measures
carried out by the government, it is very likely that this year's
[2008] summer will surpass the outbreak of 2002, when 800 000
[dengue] cases were registered. This [projection is made] because
during this past winter, a period of little rain and [usually] fewer
cases, the [case] numbers did not fall.
Sao Paulo
Research carried out during the same period points out that the
region registered more than 64 000 [dengue] cases. Of the 645Sao
Paulo
registered per 100 000 inhabitants. Small and medium-sized cities,
such asSao Jose do Rio Preto and Bauru e Ribeirao Preto
suffered epidemics of this disease.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-PORT <promed@promedmail.org>
[It is difficult to make predictions with even a modicum of
precision. Estimating that dengue virus transmission will continue in
2008 is to state the obvious. Apparently,Brazil has gotten to the
same dengue outbreak situation as Central America andSoutheast Asia ,
with intense dengue virus transmission year after year. - Mod.LJS]
Source: Folha Online [in Portuguese, trans. & summ. Mod.TY, edited]
< http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u361474.shtml>
In
(DHF) within the past 8 days. One of these ill individuals was from
the region, another 5 persons died with similar symptoms since November [2007].
The situation indicates that there is an outbreak of dengue in the
region, according to Rodolfo Skrivan, Director of the regional public
patients from the other 14 nearby municipalities.
"Dengue is seasonal. In some seasons of the year, there is greater
[dengue] incidence. The peak of illnesses was anticipated in February
or March, the rainy season. This worried us because, since we had
anticipated it, it might have been worse," the director stated.
The agency affirmed that it would send a team to Redencao to analyze
the situation. But, according to the adjunct secretary [of health]
with portfolio, Walter Amoras, the quantity of cases can not be
classified as an outbreak since the cases are scattered over 15
cities in the southern part of the state. "This indicates that the
municipalities are not taking a lesson from the situation. They are
not educating the public correctly."
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-PORT <promed@promedmail.org>
[Dealing with the occurrence of dengue requires more than simply
educating the public. - Mod.LJS]
[A map of
states, can be located at
<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/americas/brazil.jpg>.
- Mod.TY]
************************************************************
Date: Wed 9 Jan 2007
Source: Extra Online [in Portuguese, trans. & summ. Mod.TY, edited]
< http://extra.globo.com/rio/plantao/2008/01/09/rjtv_82_casos_de_dengue_em_9_dias_no_rio327947436.asp>
In the past 9 days, from Tuesday of last week [1 Jan 2008] through
this Wednesday [9 Jan 2007], 82 cases of dengue have been registered
in Rio de Janeiro. The number of dengue cases is being brought up to
date. This Wednesday [9 Jan 2007] the Municipal Secretary of Health
indicated that in 2007, 23 585 dengue cases were confirmed.
In the 1st 9 days of 2008, 82 people had dengue disease. As of
Tuesday [1 Jan 2008], only 14 of them had been [laboratory?] confirmed.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-PORT <promed@promedmail.org>
******************************************************************
Date: Mon 5 Jan 2007
Source: Diario do Nordeste in Portuguese, trans. & summ. Mod.TY, edited]
<http://diariodonordeste.globo.com/materia.asp?codigo=501274 >
Ceara had 9.8 percent of the nation's dengue cases, with notification
of 24 793 cases of classical dengue.
72 new cases of dengue were registered in the state of Ceara, with 3
DHF cases and 69 classical dengue fever cases during the 1st week of
2008, according to the Weekly Epidemiology Dengue Bulletin released
yesterday [4 Jan 2007] by the Secretariat of Health of the state (SESA).
The number of deaths did not change, remaining at 10 confirmed cases.
In Ceara state, DHF has now reached 295 confirmed cases versus 292
the week before. In total, 651 cases were notified, of which 318 were
discarded [negative for dengue], and 38 were still being
investigated, according to SESA.
In
investigating 16 suspected deaths, which have still not been
confirmed," stated Dr. Manoel Fonseca, Coordinator of Health
Promotion and Protection of SESA.
Sobral municipality is in 2nd place, with 47 confirmed cases of DHF
and 3 deaths, and Caucaia is in 3rd place, with 20 [DHF] cases and one death.
The 1st bulletin of 2008 confirmed a total of 24 793 cases in 167
municipalities in Ceara. In the last week of last year [2007], there
were 24 724 confirmed cases of classical dengue.
numbers of cases] in the dengue epidemic, with 11 687 cases of
confirmed classical dengue, "50 percent of all the cases," stated
Fonseca. In 2nd place was Sobral, with 1753 cases.
Despite Ceara being the state with the highest incidence of DHF in
the northeast, Manoel Fonseca clarified that there was a reduction in
the [case] fatality rate, which was over 8.7 percent in 2006, going
[down] to 3.3 percent last year [2007].
The doctor admitted, however, that in the last 3 years, the number of
dengue cases has remained high. "This year [2008], the cases will
still be high, now that we have 3 types of the virus: dengue 1, 2 and
3. In the interior, the outbreak of [dengue virus] 3 still may occur," he said.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-PORT < promed@promedmail.org>
***********************************************************************
Date: Tues 7 Jan 2008
Source: Aquidauana News [in Portuguese, trans. & summ. Mod.TY, edited]
< http://www.aquidauananews.com/index.php?action=news_view&news_id=119586>
The arrival of summer promises to bring big problems to the Brazilian
population in the next months. According to the data from the
Ministry of Health, there is a trend that will reach a record
[number] of dengue [cases].
Between January and September of the past year [2007], the number of
recorded [dengue] cases in the country was 50 percent above that of
2006. Just during this period, there were more than 480 000 [dengue
cases] registered, with 121 deaths. Given the control measures
carried out by the government, it is very likely that this year's
[2008] summer will surpass the outbreak of 2002, when 800 000
[dengue] cases were registered. This [projection is made] because
during this past winter, a period of little rain and [usually] fewer
cases, the [case] numbers did not fall.
Research carried out during the same period points out that the
region registered more than 64 000 [dengue] cases. Of the 645
Paulo
registered per 100 000 inhabitants. Small and medium-sized cities,
such as
suffered epidemics of this disease.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-PORT <promed@promedmail.org>
[It is difficult to make predictions with even a modicum of
precision. Estimating that dengue virus transmission will continue in
2008 is to state the obvious. Apparently,
same dengue outbreak situation as Central America and
with intense dengue virus transmission year after year. - Mod.LJS]
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